General Psychology - Quiz IV

A Short Quiz on Motivation, Emotion and Learning

PART I - Items 1 - 5: MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the correct answer. Write the answer corresponding to the item number on your sheet of paper. Write the letter or text of the correct answer or both.

_____ 1. All things being equal, which is the most powerful motive?:

A. food hunger

B. thirst

C. air hunger

D. sex drive

_____ 2. The following statements express the "curiosity need" except:

A. A tourist gets satisfaction from finding new places in a country he visits.

B. A child is very interested in and plays, constantly, with a toy which her mother gave the other day.

C. A student finds time to read other books besides the required textbook for a course subject.

D. A young boy buys more stamps in order to build his collection.

_____ 3. Heart rate is to electrocardiograph as electrical skin response is to ____________.

A. lie detector

B. galvanometer

C. sphygmomanometer

D. x-ray

_____ 4. Which statement best expresses the "nurturance need"?:

A. A mother takes care of her child.

B. A teacher decides to have a drink with his friend.

C. A young adult seeks a partner in work.

D. A student joins a campus organization.

_____ 5. Which need does not belong to the group?:

A. need to be of "good standing" in the community

B. need to ally oneself with the familiar

C. need to excel in one's chosen field of sports

D. need to be competent in work

PART II - Items 6 - 10: IDENTIFICATION - Identify the emotion associated with each emotion-producing situation.

_________________6. To get married to a potential mate

_________________7. To get caught in a traffic jam on your way to an important appointment

_________________8. To learn that a dear friend has passed away

________________ 9. To be thrown off your bed (while sleeping) by a powerful earthquake

________________10. To be betrayed by your associates

PART III - Items 11 - 14: SIMPLE ESSAY - Follow the instruction provided for each numbered item. Give concise, direct and complete answers.

11. State the law of effect. (2 POINTS)

12. Distinguish the process of extinction as used in classical conditioning from the process of extinction as used in operant conditioning. (2 POINTS)

13. State the drive-reduction theory. (2 POINTS)

14. Cite the main difference between the role of punishment and negative reinforcement in learning. Provide one example for each concept to prove your argument. (4 POINTS)

ANSWERS TO A SHORT QUIZ ON MOTIVATION, EMOTION AND LEARNING

CORRECT ANSWERS

PART I - 5 POINTS

1. (C - air hunger)

2. (D - a young boy buys more stamps in order to build his collection)

3. (B - galvanometer)

4. (A - a mother takes care of her child)

5. (B - need to ally oneself with the familiar)

PART II - 5 POINTS

6. (love/joy)

7. (anger)

8. (grief)

9. (fear)

10. (anger)

PART III - 10 POINTS

11. ("The law of effect states that if the response is rewarded and the reward is satisfying or pleasant, the connection is strengthened; if the effect is unpleasant or annoying, the connection is weakened." <Birion, J., et. al.: 1994> /// <2 Points>)

12. (In classical conditioning, extinction involves the process of presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in the gradual decline in the strength <frequency> of a response until it is extinguished. In operant conditioning, extinction involves the process of withdrawing the reinforcement when the correct response is made, resulting in the gradual decline in the strength <frequency> of a response until it is extinguished. <2 Points>)

13. (Drive-reduction theory states that "motives are directed at the reduction of a psychological state which a person experiences as tension, and the person experiences pleasure from this reduction in tension or drive." <Atkinson, Rita L., et. al.: 1987> /// <2 Points>)

14. (Punishment decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be exhibited once more and it is often applied to inappropriate behavior. Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated and it is often applied to appropriate behavior in order to reinforce it. Spanking <punishment> a child for hitting his younger brother will stop the child from performing the same action on his brother once more --- at least, for some time. Turning off the television or radio when a child needs to study <negative reinforcement> will help the child to concentrate more intensely on his homeworks; thus, increasing the strength of his "study habit" behavior. <4 Points>)

SCORING AND INTERPRETATION: NUMERICAL AND VERBAL DESCRIPTIONS

20 Points - Perfect

18 - 19 Points - Superior

16 - 17 Points - Very Satisfactory

13 - 15 Points - Good

12 Points And Below - Time to Take a Much Needed Break from Weeks of "Hard Days Fun"

REFERENCES

"General Psychology," 4th Edition., Birion, J., et. al., 1994

"Introduction To Psychology," 3rd Edition., Bustos, Alicia S., et. al., 1999

"Introduction To Psychology," 9th Edition. Atkinson, Rita L., et. al., 1987

RECOMMENDED STUDY

1. Find the similarities and differences between classical conditioning and operant conditioning using 4 major areas of comparison.